Incarceration Of The United States - 1113 Words

The United States of America has more people incarcerated than any other country on earth, a whopping 2,220,300 adults are currently locked behind bars. We have 500,000 more citizens locked up than China, a country 5 times our population run by an authoritarian government. From 1990 - 2000 the prison population increased by 1,000,000. The main reason for incarceration as a punishment in this country is rehabilitation, or so we have been told. In recent years an industry has developed that revolves around high incarceration rates and lengthy sentences, needless to say business is booming. The for-profit prison industry now makes millions off the backs of American inmates their families and every American taxpayer. The two largest†¦show more content†¦For-profit prisons benefit from the strict enforcement of laws and lengthy sentences. These corporations are not interested in rehabilitating inmates they are more concerned with keeping their beds full and making a buck off inma tes and their families. Anything else could be bad for business. This outlook runs counter to what should be a rehabilitative mission of the nation’s criminal justice system. Instead, private prison contracts often require the government to keep the correctional facilities and immigration detention centers full, forcing communities to continuously funnel people into the prison system, even if actual crime rates are falling. Nearly two-thirds of private prison contracts mandate that state and local governments maintain a certain occupancy rate – usually 90 percent – or require taxpayers to pay for empty beds. With all the money these corporations bring in much is spent to influence politics with hefty campaign contributions and corporate lobbying in Washington. All of this is business to them, helping individuals that will push their agenda get into high places politically is just the tip of the iceberg. 28 states now have something called the three strikes or habitual offender laws These laws make it possible to send anyone to prison for life on their third felony charge regardless of the circumstances. They need to make sure convictions rates stay sky high to keep the commodities coming. CCA inmates had time

Comparing Vampire And The Vampire Diaries - 1660 Words

Vampires are very present in today’s society. Many novels and shows, like Twilight and The Vampire Diaries, show that vampires are still integral to our culture. However, the birth of such a cultural phenomenon would not have happened without Dracula. Without Bram Stoker’s novel, there would be no stereotypical vampires that capture the culture’s conscious. Aside from telling a story on vampires, Dracula also explores ideals about the women of the time in which it was written, which is the Victorian Era. Throughout the Victorian period, one of the predominant concerns was the role of women and the place they fill in their society. Dracula is one of many Victorian novels that explore the varying roles women filled. Two of the characters†¦show more content†¦In one correspondence between her friend and Mina, Lucy discusses what it means to be a woman by calling it a cult. This cult reflects the expectation of women to serve as domestic homemakers and not v enture outside the idea of marriage. The identity of women is something that is not meant to be seen as an individual but in terms of their utility to the sustenance of man. This point can be proven by not only some of Lucy’s thoughts in the text but in many of her descriptions by other characters in the text as well. This lack of individuality in support of patriarchy is reflected in everything that Lucy does. The order of her day, where she will live, and even the smallest details of how she will speak. There is one instance in a conversation with her friend Mina that Lucy notes how she will only speak in a manner that her husband will like. Women in this age where expected to be this way, always dutiful and deferential to men, whether it be their husbands, fathers or brothers. This inferiority to men is important to note because it helps play into Stoker’s (among other Victorian writers and Victorian people’s views in general) character development of the wom en. In Dracula, Stoker illustrates some women as overtly sexual beings and other women as pure, chaste creatures. These depictions are represented through the different female characters. The characterization of the women who show the varying representations are reflections of the ideal

Youth Unemployment Free Essays

The youth unemployed should be one the groups the most in need for financial support in Hong Kong. They face keen competition and suffer from the local economic regression, which create difficulty to them earning a living. Young people, in general, refers to people in the age groups of 15-19 and 20-24 (Chung Kim-wah 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Youth Unemployment or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are recognized as labor force in Hong Kong, but their employment opportunities are not optimistic. Those school leavers in the age of 15-24 entering the labor market have little competitiveness compared graduate job applicants, especially when the supply of graduate workers are so abundant in the market (Chung Kim-wah 2009). The unemployment rate of them keeps rising and reached 19. 5% in 2008 (Youth Study Series 2009). Those unemployed receive no salary while they need money for daily expenses, creating potential financial burden on them. Facing competition among themselves, the young graduates are not any better either. Nowadays, the large number of graduates makes the labor market saturated, providing the employers so many choices (Chung Kim-wah 2009), not to mention that a number of them are still obliged to pay for their grad loan. The young unemployed population, both graduates and non-graduates, have to compete fiercely for the limited job positions in the market. Such pessimistic employment prospect has strong relation to Hong Kong economic regression, which causes shrinkage in labor market (Youth Study Series 2009). While the number of job vacancies is declining, more and more young school leavers and fresh graduates enter the marekt seeking for jobs, resulting in increasing unemployment. Both the problems of vigorous competition and economic slowdown cannot be easily solved and need a long term economic adjustment. The young unemployed have little to do to escape from the predicament. Financial support from the government may give temporary but necessary assistance to them. The form of financial support given may affect the extent of assistance to the young unemployed. First, I suggest that further education fund and scheme should be set up for the young people to further study. Under the scheme, courses of different professions, ranging from information technology to business management, should be provided to young school leavers. They could take courses according to their own interest. After they acquire different skills, they can re-enter into labor markets of their respective professions. In this way, labor supply can be diversified and competition can be reduced. Also, the government can also subsidize local companies who are going to recruit young employees. In this time of economic hardship, companies may not dare to bear the risk to expand their crews. With government subsidy, some companies may react with incentive and are be willing to provide job positions to the young unemployed, creating some job vacancies for them. References Chung, Kim-wah. Huge Supply of Graduates the Cause of Youth Unemployment. Ed. Joseph Li. China Daily, 26 Sept. 2009. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . Youth Study Series No. 41: The Impact of Youth Unemployment in the Midst of the Global Financial Crisis. Rep. Youth Research Centre, Feb. 2009. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . How to cite Youth Unemployment, Papers

Journal Hospitality Management International -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Hospitality Management International? Answer: Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) mentions that each and every business has the accountability towards the community whether it is social, environmental or else commitments towards stakeholders counting employees, creditors as well as suppliers, shareholders together with community in general. For several numbers of years, tobacco corporations have been condemned as evil marketing harmful products and participating in diverse unethical exercises. However, in reaction to this, tobacco manufacturing firms have necessarily propagated various disclosures that can help in positioning themselves on a high moral stand for winning the hearts as well as minds of customers. The current section on introduction elucidates in detail the disparagement of the entire tobacco industry by different groups and illustrates the reason why Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has now become a means for these tobacco companies to reflect that this kind of criticisms are groundless. Again, in the curre nt era of corporate social responsibility and regulation of WHO along with other health governing bodies for maintenance of health standards is making attempts to satisfy necessities of CSR and following WHO in their business stratagems. Nevertheless, there are several governing bodies of health counting WHO that questions the overall credibility of the CSR strategies adopted by this specific tobacco industry. Consequently, this can be said that there exists an obligation to redefine the social, environmental as well as ethical standards of this tobacco industry. The study intends to examine and ascertain whether the entire tobacco industry has the capability to handle overall responsibilities of CSR and effective ways in which the tobacco companies can implement the CSR strategies. Research Title/Research Questions Essentially, it is imperative for this tobacco industry to satisfy accountabilities of CSR and play their specific role in the process of consumer protection as well as prevention of the environment (Morton and Greenland 2018). However, the primary purpose of this current study is to ascertain whether the entire tobacco industry has the ability to handle overall accountabilities of CSR and effective ways in which they can implement the same. The research questions that have been formulated in this regard include the following: Corporate social responsibility essentially indicates towards actions in which different controversial corporations intend to win back social respectability by altering the overall image of the corporation. However, this is necessarily a public relation associated practice without any kind of real alterations in the overall policy (Harizan and Hamid 2015). Nevertheless, the CSR has been initiated over the past two decades by tobacco industries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) CSR of particularly the tobacco industry can be considered to be an inherent contradiction. In essence, CSR that is regarded as an important weapon for corporations endeavours to enhance their image. Nonetheless, it can be hereby said that there subsists no widely accepted framework for the CSR that mentions minimum standards for specific social performance although the public institutions namely the European Commission has attempted. In actual fact, this is said to generate abundant opportuniti es for different corporations in presenting themselves as socially accountable firms (McDaniel et al. 2016). Thus it allows in development of different CSR programmes although usage of tobacco can be considered to the entire worlds foremost cause of diverse preventable deaths. In particular, tobacco associated deaths are forecasted to increase over and above 8.3 million individuals during the year 2030 from the documented figure of 5.4 million during the year 2005. This is because actions of different transnational tobacco corporations spread the overall smoking epidemic to different developing nations. As the tobacco companies do not have the permission to advertise or promote companys products as per rules, participating in corporate social responsibility actions offers a substitute course to arrive at various audiences. Yet, this kind of activities might prove to be violation to particularly The World Health Organizations Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. As per the guidelines stipulated under article 5.3 of this specific convention, the tobacco industry has the need to execute actions that are illustrated as socially accountable for the purpose of distancing its image from diverse lethal product nature that it manufactures and markets or else to interfere with the establishment and execution of public health strategies (Gilmore et al. 2015). Actions that are illustrated as socially responsible by the entire tobacco industry aspiring at the promotion of tobacco consumption can be considered to be an effective marketing along with public relation stratagem that comes under the Conventions illustration on explanation of advertising, policies of promotion as well as sponsorship. The corporate social responsibility of particularly the tobacco industry as per regulations of WHO can be regarded as an inherent contradiction since the core functionality of the entire industry are in conflict with the objectives of public health strategies with relation to control of tobacco. Tobacco industry has executed various CSR strategies in business actions in a bid to augment the overall image of the business (Beddewela and Fairbrass 2016). Essentially, tobacco industry has necessarily participated in the process of functionalities of manufacturing cigarettes along with other products that utilize tobacco that is harmful for health. Research Objectives The objectives of the current research study are as mentioned below: To analyse significance of the overall execution of CSR policy in specifically the tobacco industry and understanding challenges faced in the process of implementation To comprehend overall credibility of the chosen policies of CSR of different tobacco corporations along with the reliability of different policies as regards the social advantages To understand the way the corporate image can be influenced by diverse CSR activities along with their credibility in both short as well as long term period To examine the study reflecting the way effective CSR policies can acquire benefit or introduce alterations in a tobacco industry Justification of the present project: The current study helps in understanding specific importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in particularly tobacco corporations and gaining deep insights regarding diverse challenges encountered in the procedure of implementation (Bossle et al. 2015). Thus, it can be said that the current section helps in illustrating the fact that the criticism of the complete tobacco industry by diverse groups and explains the reason why Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has now become an important tool for these tobacco companies to reflect that this kind of criticisms are groundless (Plewa et al. 2015). Research Methodology Research methodologies can be regarded as a systematic, theoretical evaluation of specific methods implemented to a specific field of study. As correctly put forward by Arli et al. (2015), the procedures that are utilized to collect appropriate information as well as data for arriving at business decision can be referred to as research methodology. Data Source: The current research study examines the justifiability of CSR in the specific tobacco industry founded on the secondary data source. Secondary source of data indicates towards data that was acquired by individuals other than the user. However the normal users of the secondary source of data in this case include organizational records presented in their literature (CSR reports), data published by various government departments, books, journals, websites, newspapers and many others (Rangan et al. 2015). Diverse scholarly articles that are relevant to present professional project can be assessed for uncovering various benefits of the CSR policies in the tobacco companies. Process of collection of data: In a bid to examine the objectives of the current study, the learner looks for associated electronic as well as printed documents/materials utilizing snowball mechanisms during the specified period. However, in the specific search engine Google and thereafter Google Scholar, learner utilized pertinent key words for searching as well as identifying suitable documents. Using the snow ball mechanism of moving from initial documents and acquiring other pertinent materials from open documents, a huge amount of online materials on specific topic gets generated. Nonetheless, not all documents were pertinent and there were references that were too old. Again, there are also various materials that were not accessible online. However for these documents, we contacted the authorities and commissions as well as offices of different tobacco companies. Books, newspapers and magazines available both online and offline are accessed. Furthermore, official websites of go verning units for reports and company literature available over there are also consulted (Ulke and Schons 2016). Research Philosophy: The learner intends to assume the positivism philosophy for the current research as this can help in validating that there are various asserts that effective scientific knowledge can be considered to be valid and is said to be construed from various knowledge. Research Approach and research design: For the purpose of the present research, the learner intends to follow the descriptive design as this can help in illustrating characteristics of the selected population else wise the phenomenon that is put to use. Following this descriptive design can help in observing and at the same time illustrating the behaviour of a particular subject without influencing the same in any manner. In addition to this, the learner intends to adopt the research design of case study analysis. Selection of this particular research design can be said to be justified as this can help in carrying an in-depth analysis of a lone or smaller number of units at a specific time period. This implies that the learner can analyse credibility of CSR activities in a specific number of tobacco companies and the way it influences the corporation (Belal and Owen 2015). Research strategy: The current study utilizes both the quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation mechanisms for undertaking the current study and for arriving at the solutions to the proposed research questions. Carrying out both qualitative as well as quantitative research does not necessarily include diverse mechanisms for collection of data as well as analysis and more basic difference that orients around research stratagems utilized. Thus, it can be said that the current study has adopted a specific mixed strategy that involves the following activities: -Gathering and assessing both quantitative as well as qualitative data -Utilizing rigorous processes in the process of gathering and assessing data that is appropriate to tradition of each mechanism, namely making certain the appropriate size of the sample for both quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation. -Assimilating amassed data during process of collection of data, evaluation as well as discussion (Tandilittin and Luetge 2015) -Utilizing procedures that include both qualitative as well as quantitative elements either concurrently otherwise sequentially. Method of analysis: For the purpose of carrying out the study, the learner intends to carry out specific methods for analysis of the amassed data. The learner intends to utilize specific ways of carrying out both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis of the secondary data (Gast and Ledford 2014). In case of the qualitative research section of the study, the learner can study development of various concepts associated to the CSR activities in various tobacco companies that can subsequently help in the process of understanding diverse social phenomena in various natural background, providing due stress to the connotations, experiences as well as opinions of study participants (Richter and Arndt 2016). Diverse dimensions involved in this case include comprehending contexts, understanding individuals various related interactions. In this particular study, the learner intends to utilize the discourse analysis for different gathered documents. Essentially, all these documents that are available can be used as a potent tool that can help in assessment of written, sign language mentioned in texts as well as contexts in addition to vocals (Silverman 2016). The discourse analysis includes coding of the materials, examination of structure of structures as well as discursive assertions, and identification of cultural, orientation to governance, degree of transparency along with CSR. Essentially the methods that the learner assumes for the current study comprise of discourse analysis, case study analysis and thematic analysis (Batool et al. 2016). Therefore, the use of case study analysis for the purpose of the present study can be said to be justified as this can help in the process of evaluating particular issues within the boundaries of a particular environment. As per the research design that is the case study analysis method, three different methods of analysis of case studies can be used, namely, explanatory case studies, descriptive case studies as well as exploratory case studies. In this case, the descriptive case studies are primarily used that can help in analyzing specific sequences of interpersonal aspects and this helps in deciphering the important phenomenon (Lewis 2015). The learner intends to utilize quantitative methods of analysis for this current study as well. This can help the learner to convert data into various numerical forms and they are necessarily subject to statistical evaluation. The secondary data that is used for the study can be analysed by means of quantitative methods. Thus, this process can be said to be justified as this can help in numerical reflection as well as manipulations of various amassed observations for illustrating the specific phenomenon that specifically these kind of observations replicate (Mackey and Gass 2015). The learner uses both the descriptive statistics as well as interpretive statistics for analysis of the data. Literature Review Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts of CSR has been thoroughly illustrated in diverse ways by various researchers, the primary reason of its subsistence is to shield the entire community from different kinds of harm along with disasters carried out by corporations both intentionally otherwise unintentionally. As rightly suggested by Rhou et al. (2016), in various processes of investigations, the corporate social responsibility is normally visualised as a lone construct encompassing actions that aids in management of stakeholders and different corporate actions for the purpose of compensating for social and economic unfairness as the stakeholders of the businesses of the corporation also includes end users that utilize companys products. The primary accountability of the tobacco industry is to shield teenagers particularly from the teenagers particularly from the profuse damage of tobacco products such as cigarettes by making them aware of unfavourable impacts of the same. Diffe rent definitions of the CSR elucidates similar phenomenon that is the corporations are taking into consideration CSR actions for the purpose of fabricating diverse sanitized products/materials, realizing for superior surroundings, community consciousness of the majority of the issues, treating members of the staff fairly, along with charitable actions to achieve sustainability in the entire market (Golob et al. 2017) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Corporate Social Responsibility -(CSR) among corporations is now primary focus of various researchers. Nevertheless, the question of whether this specific exercise aids corporations in the approval among stakeholders is still not responded, particularly, those corporations that driven out to generate specific products that damage various clients. Essentially, CSR was initially taking place with premise of compassion, which thereafter led to satisfaction of various motives, pecuniary, firms stakeholders along with legality. Philanthropy theme ingrained from ethical standards of conviction regarding the appropriate way to be active at the time when delivered the alternative to take action without compulsion. Essentially, direction of liberality can be viewed in the shape of actions taking place as programs and contributions targeted at those that include both single persons and groups. As such, pecuniary intention for mainly CST is based on the association between CSR actions exerts in fluence on overall pecuniary presentation of corporations. This considers necessities of cost plus market on top of status of the firm. In essence, pecuniary intention is utilized for purpose of developing the reputation along with competitive advantage by means of brand awareness and investment return to various shareholders (Visser 2014). This kind of intentions underlies mainly CSR of leading global tobacco corporations. The corporation has necessarily donated a particular sum that stands at US $75 million for various generous reasons whilst US $100 million was expended for sensational and declaring diverse contributions. In particular, this exemplifies that the corporation is not necessarily undertaking societal accountability exclusively on foundation of ethics as well as benevolence, but generating advantages in the long term period (Harizan and Hamid 2015). From the standpoint of stakeholders, administration of corporation asserted to undertake specific activities. Specific parties can undertake actions having interests in the corporation and declaring such activities to parties that are involved. Essentially, analysis of stakeholder comprises of organizational responsibility that surpasses restricts monetary or monetary presentation, counting intended disclosures ahead of the obligatory level namely academic, societal or else surroundings attainment. In the process of attainment of balance for meeting the demands of each and every stakeholders of the firm, the Triple Bottom Line theme is necessarily assumed by various business acquaintances. This notion stresses identical partition of labour particularly existent between three imperative ecological sustainability of mainly monetary, ecological along with social (Harizan and Hamid 2015). However, in other words, the corporation have the need to improve overall quality of environment as well as social life other than merely targeting earnings. In addition to this, legitimacy intention is strongly associated to the standpoint of firms stakeholders. Again, as per legitimacy notion, business concerns have the requirement to function over and over again and need to be aligned to values along with societal norms counting regulations. Visser (2014) suggests that corporate social responsibility is observed as a way of conformity with diverse rules as well as directives that standardize the course of a corporation. It is also a particular value scheme that has the need to be executed within the functions of a corporation. Legitimacy motive can also be utilized by the leading tobacco companies namely British American Tobacco as well as Phillip Morris in a bid to avert diverse legal actions imposed. Essentially, all of these intentions illustrated are closely related to one another. This necessarily covers diverse CSR management phases that include planning, execution and tracking. In a bid to acquire an general idea and comprehension of the idea on CSR, it is obligatory to analyse various intentions underlying CSR actions by tobacco corporations from standpoint of consumers that is necessarily among the most significant stakeholders. Thus, the research questions that investigate significance of CSR activities in tobacco industry can be comprehended to a large extent (McDaniel et al. 2016). Communication of WHO regarding CSR reports As per WHO, increasingly consumers, members of the staff as well as managers anticipate corporations, specifically large transnational corporations function beyond their conventional role of generating, producing, packaging as well as selling for generation of profit. The boom of socially responsible investment products validate this trend and help in making social as well as ethical standpoints clearly known to the corporations they put their money in and at the same time patronize. Tobacco companies also have not missed this specific trend. Majority of the corporations have designed specific programmes for various small sized corporation developments in Kenya, prevention of crime in South Africa, propagating business education in specifically China, preservation of folk culture in Venezuela along with medical treatment as well as flood relief in Pakistan (McDaniel et al. 2016). Youth smoking prevention measures used by various tobacco companies include various proposed dimensions that include presentation of age proof for purchasing tobacco products at the counter. However, this has appeared to be unproductive, since young people seamlessly circumventing these limitations. Purposefully, these programmes deliver the purpose of generating and designing the appearance that various tobacco corporations are proposing corporations for the issues they develop. In actual fact, they help in detracting attraction from various proven, effectual solutions counting the price as well as tax augmentation to which young individuals are very sensitive. Again, tobacco corporations vigorously oppose increases in price as well as tax. Education can be regarded as a specific field in which several tobacco corporations have focussed their CSR actions, particularly in grants, scholarships, even development of an entire school. The mandate of the centre is mainly to examine the ov erall social as well as environmental accountabilities of transnational corporations to the societies in which they function (Gilmore et al. 2015). Certainly, many scholarships are made available for this specific programme aimed at averting this issue. According to a study published by the British Medical Journal illustrates research grants as well as donations from the tobacco industry along with the senior university governance appointments that are necessarily held by various tobacco officials belonging specifically to the tobacco industry. In addition to this, it can be seen in this regard, out of total 90 universities as well as 16 medical facilities; around 39% had accepted donations from the tobacco segment. Again, out of 16 medical schools, only four has accepted research grants. As such, tobacco industry officers along with directors were seem to assume 26 university associated appointments during the year 1996 and year 2001, counting posts namely governor, chancellor together with president among many others. There are scholars who are of the view that the tobacco industry permeates the universities in universities as it is a way it can buy silence as well as satisfaction. During the end of 2002, BAT-Ghana endowed 250 Gha na Cedi to particularly University of Ghana for purchasing academic credibility (Beddewela and Fairbrass 2016). The overall tobacco industry essentially gets engaged in community level development projects, namely Kerio Trade Winds situated in Kenya. This is necessarily a partnership that subsists between the society and BAT that has the intention to develop tobacco growing actions as a substitute towards alleviation of poverty aligned to governments poverty alleviation stratagem. The Tobacco Association of Malawi has participated into different efforts that are aimed at discouraging abusive child labour exercises in tobacco farming in Malawi. In addition to this, probably most remarkable as well as sceptical are necessarily those tobacco industry sponsored programmes that essentially aspire to attain public health objectives. Thus, it can be hereby mentioned that tobacco industry programs that intend to positively deliver to a greater social good urge the social question: What is the way in which tobacco corporations can reconcile their primary aim to attain a maximum profit by manufacturing and selling a deadly product with the objectives of CSR (Beddewela and Fairbrass 2016). Essentially, tobacco corporations are not like many other corporations. Again, tobacco products are necessarily legal, but they can also be referred to as lethal. Tobacco can be regarded as the only consumer product that is available in the market and this kills half of the regular users. Particularly, from the perspective of CSR actions, they cannot easily figure among specifically the ranks of different other consumer goods corporations. In spite of the tobacco industrys thin-veiled efforts to attain corporate accountability as well as companies claims to have altered their practices, they continue to utilize a wide array unethical and at the same time unethical strategies to promote their products (Plewa et al. 2015). Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that CSR activities undertaken by corporations was observed as a way of obscuring the dilapidated image as well as reputation of the tobacco corporations. This is acknowledged to inflict damage and bereavement of individuals as a consequence of tobacco consumption may be smoking. However, it can be considered to be very immoral on the part of the tobacco corporations that are attempting to alter their negative insight among the entire audience by undertaking CSR. Even though, the company is undertaking its societal accountability. Again, it can be considered to be very much against the marketing ethics. However, findings obtained from various prior reports also reveal that even though the societal accountability generates a affirmative influence, it stays as a certain facade for corporations and market these products without any kind of interference from various government as well as community. Therefore, it can be regarded as a particular bribery act tha t can help in recovering from bad reputation different tobacco corporations. No immediate action is accounted as CSR by firms at the time when the influence of smoking habits breeches the basic privileges of individuals life. Based on findings of study, it can be said that benefits accepted by the societies by means of community programs that are necessarily funded by tobacco firms cannot compensate the damage caused to the greater community that arose from smoking. References Arli, D., Rundle-Thiele, S. and Lasmono, H., 2015. Consumers evaluation toward tobacco companies: implications for social marketing.Marketing Intelligence Planning,33(3), pp.276-291. Batool, S., Butt, A. and Niazi, B., 2016. Types of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices across the Industry in Pakistan and Their Effectiveness. InCorporate Responsibility and Stakeholding(pp. 225-246). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Beddewela, E. and Fairbrass, J., 2016. Seeking legitimacy through CSR: Institutional pressures and corporate responses of multinationals in Sri Lanka.Journal of business ethics,136(3), pp.503-522. Belal, A. and Owen, D.L., 2015. The rise and fall of stand-alone social reporting in a multinational subsidiary in Bangladesh: a case study.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,28(7), pp.1160-1192. Bossle, M.B., Neutzling, D.M., Wegner, D., Trevisan, M., Knorst, M. and Nascimento, L.F.M.D., 2015. Contradictory perceptions on corporate social responsibility practices in the Brazilian tobacco industry.Latin American Journal of Management for Sustainable Development,2(3-4), pp.193-210. Gast, D.L. and Ledford, J.R. eds., 2014.Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Gilmore, A.B., Fooks, G., Drope, J., Bialous, S.A. and Jackson, R.R., 2015. Exposing and addressing tobacco industry conduct in low-income and middle-income countries.The Lancet,385(9972), pp.1029-1043. Golob, U., Verk, N., Ellerup-Nielsen, A., Thomsen, C., Elving, W.J. and Podnar, K., 2017. The communicative stance of CSR: reflections on the value of CSR communication.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,22(2), pp.166-177. Harizan, S.H. and Hamid, F.S., 2015. Corporate social responsibility of tobacco companies: A consumer perspective. Asia Pacific Institute of Advanced Research (APIAR). First Asia Pacific Conference on Contemporary Research (APCCR-2015). Retrieved from www. apiar. org. au. Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice,16(4), pp.473-475. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. McDaniel, P.A., Cadman, B. and Malone, R.E., 2016. Shared vision, shared vulnerability: A content analysis of corporate social responsibility information on tobacco industry websites.Preventive medicine,89, pp.337-344. Morton, A. and Greenland, S.J., 2018. Tobacco CSR and the Ethics Game Paradox: A Qualitative Approach for Evaluating Tobacco Brand Name Strategy Following Plain Packaging. InThe Goals of Sustainable Development(pp. 179-192). Springer, Singapore. Plewa, C., Conduit, J., Quester, P.G. and Johnson, C., 2015. The impact of corporate volunteering on CSR image: A consumer perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,127(3), pp.643-659. Rangan, K., Chase, L. and Karim, S., 2015. The truth about CSR.Harvard Business Review,93(1/2), pp.40-49. Rhou, Y., Singal, M. and Koh, Y., 2016. CSR and financial performance: The role of CSR awareness in the restaurant industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,57, pp.30-39. Richter, U.H. and Arndt, F.F., 2016. Cognitive processes in the CSR decision-making process: a sensemaking perspective.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-16. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Tandilittin, H. and Luetge, C., 2015. CSR activity of tobacco companies in Indonesia: Is it a genuine social responsibility?.Online Journal of Health Ethics,11(1), p.3. Ulke, A.K. and Schons, L.M., 2016. CSR as a selling of indulgences: an experimental investigation of customers perceptions of CSR activities depending on corporate reputation.Corporate Reputation Review,19(3), pp.263-280. Visser, W., 2014. The Stages of CSR. InCSR 2.0(pp. 7-19). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

17 Cartoon-Inspired College Party Dance Moves

17 Cartoon-Inspired College Party Dance Moves In this post you’ll find a ton of animated characters getting their groove on. Each of the 20 selections comes with a YouTube video showing them in action. Get ready for everything from an out of control ogre dance party to colorful birds doing the Zamba. If you’re looking for some good dance moves inspired by your favorite animated personalities, this is definitely the right place. Enjoy! 1. The Giggity Giggity Quagmire may be perverted and have one of the skinniest necks in ever drawn, but he sure knows how to impress the ladies with those moves of his. 2. Garfield Getting Busy Modern Garfield is truly an animal on the suburban dance floor. No house cat does it like he can. And, when you throw Odie into mix things get interesting. 3. Jungle Book Swingdance It’s hard to believe, but you can actually learn a fair amount from swinging orangutans and big grey jungle bears. You know, the bear necessities. 4. B the B Ballroom Dancing In this classic, Beauty and the Beast really take you back to old school ballroom dancing. There’s something so graceful and endearing about it. 5. Genie-Style Dancing The Genie from Aladdin is one amazing hipster who can not only sing and brew up a magical blue storm of personalities and impressions, but he can really cut a rug! 6. Timon and Pumbaa Hula Dance Because sometimes the best way to tempt people is through a tantalizing South American style Hula dance. 7. Kronk’s New Groove Kronk not only has one of the most widely recognized voice in animated films, but he can also throw that muscle bound physique around with true grace. There you have it ladies and gentlemen, a genuine gauntlet of animated dancing and dance moves that should inspire you to boogie. It’s so common to see dancing in animated films, especially at the ending. 8.The Infamous Dancing Frog â€Å"Hello my baby, hello my darling, hello my ragtop gal!† He may be sporting a traditional English top hot and kicking his feet like he’s on Broadway, but this short dance number is timeless. 9. Megamind Dougie Megamind has a certain way about his moves. They’re a mix of alternative hip hop with sprinkles of heavy metal on top. 10. Gru-Style Disco Who says that incredibly fat guys with tiny bald heads and scrawny legs can’t go all Saturday Night Fever? Gru knows how to wow a crowd of minions like no one else. 11. The Spanish Buzz Jessie Dance Wouldn’t it be cool if we all had a Spanish dance mode like Buzz? You just flip it and suddenly you’re dancing in a local bar on the coast of Spain. 12. The Madagascar Mix Let’s talk about polka dot afros and dancing circus animals shall we? There’s something for everyone in Madagascar. 13. Robots Doing the Junk! What do you get when you mix James brown jazz with a bunch of robot funk? Junk! The twang really gets those shoulders moving and the hip bones swinging. 14. Uncontrollable Ogre Dancing Probably one of the funniest moments in animated dance history. With the Piper at the helm, these poor ogres can’t help themselves. A truly memorable dance scene with plenty of ideas. 15. Sid’s Wooga Wooga Scene Just in case you need plenty of repetition to get this sequence down, here’s over 10 solid minutes of Sid’s Wooga Wooga. 16. The Hardcore Penguin Happy Feet If you’re trying to find a couple new hip hop inspired moves, see what the penguins are doing these days. Remember, they’re some of the smartest animals on earth alongside Dolphins, but we couldn’t find any dancing dolphin clips. 17. Birdy Zamba As one of the dance capitals of the world, Rio and the many tropical birds that reside there have plenty to teach. What did we miss? If you know of an epic dance move from an animated film, new or old, please share it with us!

Military Tactics essays

Military Tactics essays There were many types of military tactics in World War 1 that were new to the war, some such tactics were trench warfare, new technology that helped to penetrate the defenses base such as the flame thrower, mustard gas, tunneling, and in some cases tanks. The flame-thrower used pressurized air, carbon dioxide or nitrogen to force oil through a nozzle. Ignited by a small charge, the oil became a jet of flame. The Flame-thrower was first used in the western front in 1914. It was operated by two men, and was mainly used to clear enemy soldiers from front line-trenches. In the beginning they had a range of 25 meters but later it increased to 40 meters, which meant they were only effective over narrow areas of no mans land. Another type of war tactic was Mustard Gas; first used by the German army in 1917. The most lethal of all the poisonous gases used during the war, it was odorless and took twelve hours to work. The skin of the victims blistered, the eyes became very sore and they began to throw-up. It caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful and most soldiers had to be strapped to their beds, which meant fewer soldiers for the opposing sides. Another type of tactic was trench warfare. In the beginning of the war the British soldiers were given 10 ounces of meat and 8 ounces of vegetables a day. Later, the size of the army grew and the German blockade became more effective, the army could not maintain these rations and by 1916 this had been cut to 6 ounces of meat a day. Later troops not in the front-line only received meat on nine out of every thirty days. In the western front, the soldiers meals in the trenches were caned corned beef, bread and biscuits. By the winter of 1916 flour was in such short supply that bread was being made with dried ground turnips. The main food after supplies ran out were pea soup with a f...

Canadian troops must be in Afghanistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Canadian troops must be in Afghanistan - Essay Example Although there has been several hurdles, some of which are yet to be cleared like the learning curve, the Canadian forces have adapted quickly and learned enough to emerge as one of the most reliable and successful national contingents. Canada thrives to become a recognized power at the international stage though not ambitious. Although the country has a low population compared to other major powers like US and China, the Country has been out to prove its efficiency in handling crisis. The forces in Afghanistan have been an indispensable source of crucial information to the federal government. The government continues to learn and study methods necessary for handling, managing, and harmoniously integrating national power in overseas operation. There have been public concerns about the operation, as many do not fully comprehend the details of the operation including parliamentarians, creating a conflict with the government as to whether the right things are being done. The operation i n Afghanistan has raised concerns of availing details of the operation through in-camera reports and updates in classified documents. Due to the challenges of providing information through such complex means it has been proposed that there be established a non-partisan, though sponsored by the government, confidential briefings to a section (if not all parliamentarians) on the international events. This would enhance and provide clear comprehension of the Afghanistan matter, which in turn would facilitate precise assessment of the situation and project the future prospects. Committees have therefore been formed to provide the Canadian public with the actual proceedings in Afghanistan. This creates national consciousness and awareness. When Canadian forces personnel are dispatched to execute missions away from home, their loving families continue to carry on at home. This creates changing roles as the spouse, sons and daughters step up to fill the void left. The normal life pattern i s disarranged and it is with this that the works of the left behind family members has been commended. Although it is not the will of the government to disrupt the normal lives of families by sending troops abroad especially in the harsh conditions of Afghanistan, it is important to note this is done with the interest of the Canadian public being put paramount (Holloway 6). Canada is a signatory to the 2006 Afghan Compact. This compact initiated by the international community is mainly aimed at the rebuilding process of Afghanistan after the war led by the US. Canada together with other signatories has the obligation to provide and maintain security, ensure human rights are observed at the same time initiating economic as well as social developments. Canadian troops are therefore in Afghanistan on a noble cause that also portrays global collaboration and cooperation (Bickerton & Gagnon 79). Canadian troops must be in Afghanistan as they are there for the well-being of the Canadian n ation. The troops are there to safeguard the national security of Canada by ensuring and actively participating in making Afghanistan a safe nation that does not encourage and harbor terrorist organizations like in the past. The troops are also there as invited guests. The democratically elected government of the Islamic republic of Afghanistan invited them to aid the frail government in ensuring that the Taliban insurgents do not turn the nation into

ECON333 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECON333 - Assignment Example On the other hand, if these people are compensated then actual Pareto improvement is possible which is not always possible in reality. A restricted version of Pareto improvement is where the resources are allocated in the manner where there are both gainers and losers. This is a more practical situation since under any situation there will be one or more parties who will be at the losing end. However, if the gainers agree to pay more than the value of their gains so that the losers can be compensated, i.e. the value of gains is more than the costs, a potential Pareto improvement will occur. For instance, in case of a new airport the gainers will be the society and the airline company. However, if the company compensates the people living near the airport for their inconvenience then no party will be the loser although the compensated people will not be gaining anything. To understand a Pareto improvement it is necessary that the gains and losses can be measures in the terms of money that people can pay for their goods and services. In short, it is Pareto improvement if the money left in the end is in excess of the money that was in the beginning (Gold, 1996, p.33). Kalder-Hicks compensation principle is adopted from Pareto improvement but with less strict measures. It is an economic situation where the gainers will be in a position to compensate the losers and still be better off, even if the compensation is not actually done. One problem of Kalder-Hicks theory is that although gainers will have the capacity to compensate the losers, in reality the gainers may not agree to compensate. This will increase economic disparity in the society, and hence is considered unfair by many economists. For instance, people living under the flight path of the new airport may feel they have been cheated if the airline company refrains from paying compensation

Abraham Lincolns Role in the Civil War Term Paper

Abraham Lincolns Role in the Civil War - Term Paper Example Enslavement, nevertheless, was the chief cause of the ever-increasing political conflict and opposition around the 1850s.There were numerous leaders who greatly contributed to the development and, eventually, the conclusion of this four-year war that killed millions of innocent lives. They, in many ways, have shaped and formed what is known as The Civil War today. Whether to instigate or to stifle the war, these leaders have unquestionably played a great part in it. Among these leaders was President Abraham Lincoln. He, throughout his presidency, has greatly molded and influenced the development and the end of this war. He, in a way, played a role in both the start and end of the Civil War. Many factors indeed instigated the Civil War. The trigger that ultimately pushed war into action was Abraham Lincoln’s victory in the presidential elections. During the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party spearheaded by Abraham Lincoln had pushed against magnifying slavery o utside the states in which it previously subsisted.The Republicans intensely promoted patriotism, and in their 1860 manifesto they denounced disunion threats as affirmations of treason. This fervent drive to abolish slavery sprung from President Lincoln’s belief that slavery was the main cause of the war. In his second inaugural address, he said, "These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.†1 In retort to an anti-slavery Republican as the winner of the Presidential election, nearly a dozen Southern slave states in America affirmed their separation and breakaway from the United States. Many of these Southern whites that belonged to the Confederacy felt that secession had grown to be their only choice, as the people understood that Lincoln was against slavery and approved of Northern appeals. Together, they formed the Confederate States of America, better known universally as the Confederacy. Bot h the leaving presidency of President James Buchanan and the entering government disallowed the validity of secession, regarding it as rebellion. The other eight slave states turned pleas for secession down at this point. There was no nation in the world that acknowledged the Confederacy. As the Confederacy formed, the remaining twenty-five states reinforced the federal administration known collectively as the Union. Conflicts started on the April of 1861, when Confederate powers struck a U.S. military installation located at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. After they severely bombarded the fort, the fort surrendered. A few days later, Lincoln called for a multitude that numbered around 75,000 from the states to recapture the fort and additional national property. Instead of furnishing troops for an assault on their fellow Southern states, North Carolina, Virginia, Arkansas, and Tennessee made a decision to join these states in withdrawal. Lincoln’s response of cal ling for a legion of volunteers led to statements of secession by these four slave states. This reaction to Ft. Sumter was a devastating call for war to support national morality. Only the state of Kentucky made an effort to stay neutral. A congregation of young men all throughout the land was in a great rush to enlist. Both sides built armies as the Union grasped control of the Border States during the early phases of the war and formed a naval barrier. Land combat in the East was indecisive between 1861 and 1862, as the Confederacy retorted Union efforts to seize its capital, Richmond, Virginia, particularly throughout the Peninsular Campaign. In the September of 1862, the Confederate movement in Maryland terminated in defeat at the

The Use Of Technology To Improve Mathematics Education Essay

The Use Of Technology To Improve Mathematics Education Essay This project is based on the use of technology to improve mathematics in secondary schools of Mauritius. It discusses about the various theories associated in the application of new means of communication and teaching-learning mathematics, as well as the available technological tools and their applications. After much research work, this project has been successfully completed and applied on a sample of Lower six students. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Mathematics is a very important subject at the primary and secondary educational level. The subject finds its own place in all sciences, accountability, economics and technology. To be able to understand concepts or application of statistics in the latter subjects, a good foundation in mathematics is highly recommended. Also, after completion of secondary education, a student is required to give evidence of a good analytical and numeracy skill through his/her mathematics results so as to qualify for a seat for most of the field of the tertiary education locally or overseas. Consequently, teachers and the school administration should leave no stone unturned in creating an efficient teaching-learning environment and incentives for their students. THE PROBLEM Mathematics is a subject which has been regarded as being very difficult by many students and parents. This stereotype way of thinking has acted as a demotivating factor and has lead to a downfall in the performance of students in mathematics, especially in upper secondary classes (Form 4 Upper 6). Many students take the subject as a burden since it is a compulsory subject to their study stream. Hence, Mathematics, including Additional Mathematics, is neglected resulting in homework undone or uncompleted and poor performance in assessments and exams. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY At the start of every academic year, lots of problem are faced by teachers and school administration to convince students and explain to them the importance of mathematics in their subject combination for Lower Six. Also, after the first few weeks of following Additional Mathematics classes, many students wish to drop the subject, but since the subject is mandatory for science, economics and technology streams, students find no alternative. This situation arises because students are being exposed to more abstract mathematics than the basic. As a solution to this mathematics crisis, efforts have to be done to develop the educational psychology and mathematical pedagogy. Technology is the tools or the ways used by individuals to improve the standard of living or comfort of living in their civilization. The youngsters of this era are highly and easily fascinated by technology. In other words, it can be said that it is the fashion of technology; consequently, technology can be more easily used as a teaching-learning tools to achieve educational goals. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The use of technology in teaching mathematics will attract students towards liking the subject, thus motivating them to work harder, get a clearer understanding of concepts, develop their reflex, logical thinking and problem-solving skills, and improve their performance as a whole in the subject. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY Despite all the theories and technological tools existing, it is very depressing that due to limiting resources, materials and finance in our educational system, it is very difficult to apply all instantaneously. Also, though technology is reaching the society very fast, there are still families who cannot afford to provide their children with all technological facilities. Therefore, children from such families would feel very underprivileged if technology is fully applied to teaching and learning. For instance, these children will be deprived if any computer-based or internet-based homework is given. SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTERS (Yet to be written) CHAPTE TWO LITERATURE REVIEW PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION Piaget and the learning of Mathematics Jean Piaget (1896 1980) was a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his epistemological studies with children. He placed great importance on the education of children. Piagets theory is a theory of intellectual development rather than a theory of learning, teaching, instruction or curriculum in general or with respect to mathematics in particular. But much writing and many investigations have been directed toward hypothesized implications of Piagets theory for mathematics learning, teaching and instruction, for the nature and sequence of curricular content, and for classroom structure, organization and management. Also, concerns have been expressed regarding ways in which Piagets theory has been applied to different aspects of education and mathematics. Very often it has been suggested that certain Piagetian tasks (conservation tasks, for instance) provide a good basis for determining students willingness for learning one aspect or another of school mathematics. But Hiebert and Carpenter (1982) have indicated that the available research evidence suggests that Piagetian tasks are not useful willingness measures. The hypothesis was that Piagetian tasks can be used to identify children who would be unable to benefit from instruction in mathematics, but all the available evidence clearly suggested that the hypothesis was null. Instead, many children who fail Piagetian tasks are able to learn mathematical concepts and skills. Kirby and Biggs (1980) indicated that Cognition returned to psychology in the 1960s and flourished in the 1970s, permeating most areas of psychology. Its metaphor, information processing, became dominant in that discipline. More directly to the point, Groen and Kieran (1983) pointed out that A few years ago, research on childrens mathematics was dominated by Piaget. To many in the field, the task was to extend Piagets theory or reinterpret it. Information-processing theory, broadly conceived, has replaced the Piagetian framework as a broad explanatory model. The significance of information-processing theory in cognitive development has grown concurrently with a retreat from the Piagetian framework. Within the present-day context of cognitive science, emphasis is placed upon understanding and comprehension. The learning of mathematics and research associated with such learning is more and more commonly being described or explained in relation to a system that includes provision for the intake of information, for its compilation within a working memory, and for interaction with other information stored within and retrieved from a long-term memory. Latest research associated with the learning of mathematics is much more likely to focus upon individuals than upon groups. It looks beyond observable performance related to behavioral objectives for its data base. Romberg and Carpenter (in press) have indicated that internal cognitive processes are acknowledged. Rational task analysis, which is based on a logical analysis by experts, has evolved to empirical task analysis, which focuses on what children actually do when they solve mathematics problems. Some of this doing may be observable in a students explicit actions, but much of the doing may be not only terms of a students observable but self-reportable thinking. The term metacognition refers to a persons awareness of and sensitivity to her or his own thought processes, and includes the ability to monitor and control such processes to some degree. There is growing evidence that learning associated with problem solving is facilitated or enhanced by a students increased awareness of metacognitive aspects of the problem-solving process. Also, there is evidence that some of the differences between expert and novice problem solvers may be attributed to differences in metacognitive skills. Romberg and Carpenter (in press) believe that We currently know a great deal more about how children learn mathematics than we know about how to apply this knowledge to mathematics instruction. Research is clearly needed to explore how knowledge of childrens learning of mathematics can be applied to the design of instruction. Furthermore, Although the emphasis in research on learning has changed dramatically in the last 15 years, the connection between theories of instruction and theories of learning remains an issue. Cognitive Guided Instruction Cognitively Guided Instruction is a professional development program based on an integrated program of research on the development of students mathematical thinking; instruction that influences that development; teachers knowledge and beliefs that influence their instructional practice; the way that teachers knowledge, beliefs, and practices are influenced by their understanding of students mathematical thinking. CGI is an approach to teaching mathematics rather than a curriculum program. At the core of this approach is the practice of listening to childrens mathematical thinking and using it as a basis for instruction. Research based frameworks of childrens thinking in the domains of addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, base-ten concepts, multi-digit operations, algebra, geometry and fractions provide guidance to teachers about listening to their students. Case studies of teachers using CGI have shown the most accomplished teachers use a variety of practices to extend childrens mathematical thinking. It is a belief of CGI that there is no one way to implement the approach and that teachers professional judgment is central to making decisions about how to use information about childrens thinking. The research foundation on childrens mathematical thinking upon which CGI is based shows that children are able to solve problems without direct instruction by drawing upon informal knowledge of everyday situations. For example, a study of kindergarten children (Carpenter, et al., 1993) showed that young children can solve problems involving what are normally considered advanced mathematics such as multiplication, division, and multistep problems, by using direct modeling. Direct modeling is an approach to problem solving in which the child, in the absence of more sophisticated knowledge of mathematics, constructs a solution to a story problem by modeling the action or structure. The motivation for learning Another crucial assumption regarding the nature of the learner concerns the level and source of motivation for learning. According to Von Glasersfeld (1989) sustaining motivation to learn is strongly dependent on the learners confidence in his or her potential for learning. These feelings of competence and belief in potential to solve new problems are derived from first-hand experience of mastery of problems in the past and are much more powerful than any external acknowledgment and motivation. This links up with Vygotskys zone of proximal development, where learners are challenged within close proximity to their current level of development. By experiencing the successful completion of challenging tasks, learners gain confidence and motivation to embark on more complex challenges. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY The term educational technology is often associated with, and includes, instructional theory and learning theory. Educational technology, also known as e-learning, instructional technology and learning technology, is the use of technology to support the learning process. It is an innovative way to design, deliver, facilitate, and manage instruction for learners of all ages, whether it is face-to-face in a classroom, online, or a combination of methods. While instructional technology covers the processes and systems of learning and instruction, educational technology includes other systems used in the process of developing human capability. It includes, but is not limited to, software, hardware, as well as internet applications and activities. Although technology is widely used in the administration, management of education and in research, educational technology is only concerned with the impact of technology on the learning process. In other words, technology is used as a tool or su pport to deliver learning materials, to facilitate communication and to provide assessment and feedback. In this present information age, the demand for knowledge is growing at a very fast rate leading to the emergence of e-learning at a much higher pace. Some of the various types of technologies which can be used in todays traditional classrooms are: Computer With a computer in the classroom, a teacher would be able to demonstrate a new lesson, present new material, illustrate how to use new programs, and show new websites. Class website In todays society, children know how to use the computer and navigate their way through a website. Therefore, a class web page is an easy way to display students work. Once a web page is designed, the teacher can post homework assignments or other student works. Class blogs and wikis Blogs allow students to maintain a running dialogue, such as a journal, thoughts, ideas, and assignments. They also provide for student comment and reflection. Wikis are more group focused to allow multiple members of the group to edit a single document and create a truly collaborative and carefully edited finished product. Wireless classroom microphones Noisy classrooms are a daily occurrence, and with the help of microphones, students are able to hear their teachers more clearly. Children learn better when they hear the teacher clearly. The benefit for teachers is that they no longer lose their voices at the end of the day. Mobile devices Mobile devices such as clickers or smartphone can be used to enhance the experience in the classroom by providing the possibility for professors to get feedback. SmartBoards An interactive whiteboard provides touch control of computer applications. These enhance the experience in the classroom by showing anything that can be on a computer screen. This not only aids in visual learning, but it is also interactive, that is, students can draw, write, or manipulate images on the SmartBoard. Online media Streamed video websites can be utilized to enhance a classroom lesson, for instance, United Streaming, Teacher Tube, etc. Podcasts Podcasting is a relatively new invention that allows anybody to publish files to the Internet where individuals can subscribe and receive new files from people by a subscription. The primary benefit of podcasting for educators is quite simple. It enables teachers to reach students through a medium that is both the new style of todays youngsters, as well as a part of their daily lives. For a technology that only requires a computer, microphone and internet connection, podcasting has the capacity of advancing a students education beyond the classroom. When students listen to the podcasts of other students as well as their own, they can quickly demonstrate their capacities to identify and define quality and develop their creativity. This can be a great tool for learning and developing literacy inside and outside the classroom. Podcasting can help sharpen students vocabulary, writing, editing, public speaking, and presentation skills. Students will also learn skills that will be valuable in the working world, such as communication, time management, and problem-solving. There are many other tools being utilized depending on the local school board and funds available. These may include digital cameras, video cameras, document cameras, or LCD projectors. EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP Educational leadership, also known as school leadership, is the process of enlisting and guiding the talents and energies of teachers, pupils, and parents toward achieving common educational aims. Educational leadership came into attention in the late 20th century since demands were made on schools for higher levels of pupil achievement, and schools were expected to improve and reform. These expectations were accompanied by calls for accountability at the school level. The concept of leadership was favored because it conveys dynamism and proactivity. The school head is commonly thought to be the school leader. However, school leadership may include other persons, such as members of a formal leadership team and other persons who contribute toward the aims of the school. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY THE MAURITIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM BRIEF HISTORY The education system in Mauritius, prototyped after the British model, has improved greatly since independence. After the country became independent in 1968, education became one of the main preoccupations of the Mauritian Government to meet the new challenges awaiting the country. New dimensions have been added to education, which have gradually democratized the whole system. The government made an effort to provide adequate funding for education, occasionally straining tight budgets. Considerable investment of resources, both human and material, has been put into the Education sector and impressive progress has been achieved in terms of free and universal education. Since 1976, education has been free for all and from the year 1991, education has become compulsory for both boys and girls. As from the year 2005, with the introduction of 11-year schooling, education has been free at all levels and compulsory for all up to the age of 16. STRUCTURE From Primary school onwards, education has been structured in a 6-5-2 system, whereby a child follows a minimum of 6 years free and compulsory Primary Schooling leading to a Certificate of Primary Education (CPE). This is followed by a minimum of 5 years Secondary Schooling which is free and, compulsory until the age of 16. This 5 years schooling leads the pupil to a School Certificate (SC) or General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level, which henceforth enables him to pursue another 2 years schooling leading to a Higher School Certificate Advanced Level (HSC), which is the key towards Tertiary Education, either locally or overseas. Students who fail to attain a CPE are admitted to pre-vocational schools set up specially by the government to enable them to learn only basic subjects such as Mathematics, English and French, and some skilled works such as plumbing, electrical, handicrafts, art and painting, agriculture, etc. MASTER PLANS Today the education sector is being marked by a series of reforms based on innovation and creativity from pre-primary to tertiary level. The reforms are aligned on developments worldwide and they focus on empowering the Mauritian child to face the challenges of the new millennium and to use information and technological tools available. One of the main components of the reforms is the National Curriculum Framework for primary and secondary education. It brings about an all-around development of the individual, hence allowing him to lead a balanced, active and productive lifestyle together with an understanding of the biological, physical and technological world. Education would also make the child conscious of the notions of equity and social justice. As concerns secondary and tertiary education, innovations brought are mainly designed to enable schools and institutions to respond effectively to local, national and international priorities. Further, the new reforms 2010 aim to meet individual learning needs of all students, provide a strong foundation for lifelong learning and instill in all learners the skill they need to adapt to an ever-changing world. The curriculum framework for secondary education is based on the need to engage students in meaningful and integrated learning experiences. Sustainable development, citizenship, developing and maintaining a culture of peace and coping with stress are elements that will cut across the learning process. The curriculum base programme at the secondary level has been broadened with emphasis on the teaching of science and technology to those not intending to take science as their field of study in higher classes. General Science will become compulsory till Form V for students not opting for a pure science subject in view of the increasingly important role of science. Changes at the secondary level also comprise the vocationalization of the curriculum through the introduction of new subjects like Travel and Tourism, Physical Education, Marine Science and Environmental Management and the pedagogy will be reinforced by the use of ICT and multimedia. The inclusion of extra and co-curricular activities for all in secondary schools is also proposed by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Human Resources. Thus students will have activity time during which they can choose from a range of co-curricular activities. These activities include arts and crafts, computing, debating, drama, dance, music, singing and a wide range of physical activities. Students at the end of Form III will be initially assessed at national level in literacy in English and French, Numeracy, ICT and Social Studies, leading to a National Certificate of Achievement. This certificate will provide a statement of the level achieved by each student in these core competencies. The new secondary education curriculum has been developed by keeping in view the following key characteristics: Holistic Flexible Contextually relevant Promoting global awareness Integrated with other disciplines Acceptable to the community Thematic / Spiral in approach Fair to the learner Despite the fact that major innovations have been introduced into the system, there are still a number of challenges that need to be faced and overcome as a complement to the reforms undertaken. Today, the major challenge is the reorganization of the secondary education to ensure the fostering and development of the skills and knowledge required for socio-economic growth. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Since the year 1991, all state schools have been equipped with a television set and VCR player so that educators could make the most of the tools in the process of teaching and learning, by providing more visual support. Lately, the VCR players have been replaced by DVD players and schools have been provided computers and projectors. For the past 5 years, most schools even have internet connection to enable teachers to do their research work in preparation of their lessons. Also, students are allowed to use internet in school libraries to improve their research skills. However, only 33% of secondary schools in Mauritius have ADSL connection and others are still using the dial-up connection. In 2009, the Ministry of Education launched the EDU-WEB project. This project enables live broadcast and interactive session in real time between the Minister and senior officials and heads of both primary and secondary schools and the education staff. Furthermore, two State Secondary schools have been equipped with Interactive Whiteboards by the Ministry of Education on a pilot base. Subsequently, the government, in collaboration with the Sankorà © Project, is coming with the setting up of at least one Interactive Whiteboard in each of its primary and secondary schools by the end of this year. The Sankorà © Digital Education for all in Africa programme is part of the French contribution to the Franco-British partnership designed to achieve the Millennium objectives in education in Africa. In its 2010 2015 programme, the Sankorà © project is providing digital classroom equipment, resource creation and sharing, professional and schoolmaster training. The equipments provided include computers, projectors and Interactive Whiteboards (IWB). AIMS OBJECTIVES PROCEDURES Synchronous and asynchronous Learner-centered environment ANALYSIS There is a growing body of evidence that young children invent or construct much of their own mathematical knowledge, and that they come to school with some well-developed, although understandably immature ways of dealing with various mathematical situations. We do not seem to take full advantage of childrens conceptions in our programs of mathematics teaching and instruction. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS VISION STATEMENT MISSION STATEMENT SURVEYS QUESTIONNAIRES SURVEY RESULTS EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS EMPHASIS ON TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION The ultimate objective of any educational enterprise is to improve student achievement so that individuals may fulfill their personal aspirations and become contributing members of society. This requires meaningful change in the way educators do their work. It requires new structures, new tools and new knowledge. But more than anything, the culture of the education system must change. And creating a culture of achievement throughout an education system requires a different mindset altogether. MOTIVATION AND COMMITMENT ON APPLYING TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDATIONS Equipment Lab Internet LMC Training of teachers and students

Rabies :: essays research papers

Rabies What is Rabies? Who gets Rabies? Rabies is a viral disease of humans and other mammals. It is most common in carnivores. The word rabies comes from the word "hydrophobia", fear of water. Rabies is a potentially deadly disease. There are many things you can do to prevent yourself from meeting rabies. The most important thing to do, is to be certain your pets have updated vaccinations. Your pets can first get their vaccinations when they are three months old. After that booster vaccinations must be given every one to three years according to your state and city laws. It also depends on the type of vaccination. Most people associate rabies with dogs, cats, raccoons, skunks, wolves, etc. The most common animals to have rabies are dogs, cats, and raccoons. Rabies cases in cats have outnumbered all other domestic animals every year since 1988. There was fifty-three percents increase in cat rabies between 1991- 1992. Most of the cases with cats have been unvaccinated strays. Even if your pets do not go outside, they should still be vaccinated. You cannot tell if you pet will accidentally get out or an infected animal will get in. Avoid close contact with any wild animal. Never feed, handle, pet, or take any wild animals in. Rabid animals will usually act in an abnormal way, have a foamy saliva around the mouth, and show a loss of hair or fur. If the animal is nocturnal, it may be out during the day. Rabid animals are usually very outgoing and aggressive. To keep wildlife away from your home avoid leaving pet food outside, and keep the lids on trash cans secure, or store them inside a garage or shed. You can prevent wildlife from your entering you home by sealing holes and screening chimneys. If a wild animal does get in, do not touch it. Call your local animal-control officer or humane society and let them remove it. The rabies virus can be transmitted in three different ways. These are through saliva, the bite of an infected animal, and by contact through the mucus membranes, or breaks in the skin. Symptoms develop in ten to fifty days after exposure to this virus. Symptoms in humans usually begin with depression, restlessness, fatigue, and a fever. This is followed by a period of excitability, excessive salivation, and convulsions, especially in throat spasms. The victim is unable to drink although he or she is extremely thirsty. Death from paralysis and suffocation follows within ten days. Once the symptoms of rabies have appeared, there is no possible treatment for the disease.

Challenges Faced by Companies While Entering a Foreign Business

10 Important Factors to Consider Before Starting Your Own Business Published on May 10, 2008 by Educate And Learn in Small Business Comments (46)|59 Liked It Certain key factors which need to be addressed before starting your own business. This article describes different factors which need to be kept in mind before starting your own business. It mainly talks about a business from a proprietorship point of view, rather than from a corporate point of view. Thus it is intended for small business. A number of factors are important in order to start a successful business. Here an effort is made to describe some of the key factors.Knowledge/Expertise Any business requires some amount of basic knowledge and experience. The owner needs to be aware about the business he intends to start. Knowledge and expertise about the product or service are keys to a successful business. In case of limited knowledge the owner may not be able to sustain the business and can be fooled by the vendors, suppli ers and competitors. When you ask yourself a question â€Å"What business shall I start? † you need to get a convincing reply about what you intend to do and how you are going to go about it. Read more in Small Business Small Business Survival in a Down Economy Four Easy Ways to Double Your Economic Stimulus Check  » Expert knowledge is especially required if the field of business is a niche field. For instance the construction or software industry would require more knowledge as against a retail business selling a particular brand of clothes or shoes. Market/Demand Once a decision is taken on the business you intend to start, the next step is to explore the demand / market for the product / service. Certain products will only have a domestic market for them whereas others can be successful on an international level.The key question is â€Å"Who are the customers? † A market survey can be conducted to identify the market for the business to be started. If the product / service is expected to be sold locally, the demand for it needs to be assessed. In case an international market is expected then rules and regulations for dealing internationally need to be found out. Total Project Costs It is important to correctly assess the total project cost required to set up and run the business successfully. In a capital intensive business such as starting a manufacturing plant, the start up costs can be very high.You need to identify the total amount which will be spent on the land & building, plant & machinery, furniture and office equipment, vehicles etc. If a business is in the nature of retail you will need to identify the cost of the store and furniture. Amount required for the decoration of the store needs to be assessed. Similarly in case of an office the major cost will be for the furniture and office equipment. An office or firm can be started at a relatively lower cost initially with only the basic requirements. One also needs to take care of th e working capital requirement.This will mainly consist of the inventory which needs to maintained and the credit which is extended to the customers. From this the supplier’s credit is deducted to arrive at the Working Capital Requirement. The Working Capital Requirement can be quite high for certain industries for example inventory will need to be maintained in a garment store. Similarly in case of a grocery shop there is need for huge inventory for which credit may not be given initially by the suppliers. Financing/Capital After identifying the initial costs required for starting the business, the financing pattern will need to be decided.The financing pattern will be mainly by way of capital introduction by the owner and borrowed funds. Depending on how much capital the owner can introduce the balance amount will need to be borrowed. Funds borrowed will be either short term loans or long term loans. The terms and conditions for borrowing funds will need to be studied such a s the cost of borrowing, security required, rate of interest and the repayment terms. The owner will need to approach a number of banks to get information about their terms of lending and draw a comparative analysis to identify which funding is the most beneficial for him.As a thumb rule short term funds should not be utilized for the purchase of fixed assets. Short term funds are mainly used to meet the working capital requirement. The logic is that if short term funds are used to purchase fixed assets how are you going to repay the short term loan if the business has not progressed. Once the financing pattern is identified the owner will need to decide how the money is going to be utilized. Competition Before entering new business, information about market competition needs to be found out.In case a product is a monopoly then the competition will not matter. Otherwise the success of the business will depend upon the demand and supply gap. Thus if there is a huge demand then you ca n enter the business inspite of the market competition. Otherwise you will need to be stronger than the competitors to gain an entry. Normally existing firms will always have an advantage due to the experience they have and because they may be well equipped. The question which needs to be answered is â€Å"What is unique about the product / service which will be offered to survive the market competition†?Information such as who are the competitors, what is their market strategy and what factors are required to compete with them are important. Location Deciding an optimum location for the business is a strategic and an important one. A good location goes a long way in making the business successful. The location needs to be carefully chosen. Some places have advantages over the others. You can save out on taxes, water and electricity costs if you are located in some areas. The raw materials can be easily sourced, the manpower would be easily available and you can save out on t ransportation costs in case of certain locations.Setting up a business in certain location could lead to subsidy and rebates from the Government. In the case of a retail business one needs to be located in a well populated area and one which is easily accessible. Certain niche products / services of different competitors are available at a single location. For example there are software belts having all software companies. Similarly there are gold marts which have different gold vendors and jewelers at a single location. Laws, Rules, & Regulation Setting up a new business would require compliance with various laws & regulations.Each country is governed by separate laws and regulations which require that any new business be registered with certain authorities and meets certain compliance. Thus registration of the name of the company may be required with Ministry of Commerce for instance. Further details need to be provided regarding the workforce and certain deductions may be require d from the staff (such as tax) which would need to be deposited with the respected Government bodies. Awareness is required of such rules and regulations. It is always better to consult a lawyer before setting up a new business in an unknown environment.There are certain accounting / consultancy firms which would have a division giving advise on legal and statutory compliance. In case of lack of expertise it is better to approach a lawyer / accounting / consultancy firms. Non compliance with the statute could lead to huge fines and penalty and hamper the success of a new business. Return on Investment Return on Investment (ROI) is calculated as Net Profit divided by the Investment made. The ROI is low in the initial years and is expected to grow on a year on year basis.The ROI needs to be compared with the return that would be earned from alternative business options available. For instance it could be compared with any other source of income such as money earned from investment in the stock market. Similarly the Return On Capital must be greater than the rate of interest earned from a fixed deposit kept with a bank. Staff/Manpower Any business requires efficient manpower to succeed. The staff needs to be carefully chosen since they are the ones who could make or break the business. The cost of manpower varies depending on the location of the business and thus this needs to be factored well.The business needs to be set up in a location where there is sufficient availability of manpower both skilled as well as unskilled. This remains one of the key criteria’s whether the business is going to be run with a staff of 2 or 2,000. Technology It is always better to invest in the best technology at the time of start up itself. Post investment, monitoring of the technology purchased is required. Technology would include plant & machinery as well as latest office equipment. One should not exclude the software required to monitor the business. Choosing optimum sof tware is a challenging task.A technologically advanced business is expected to perform much better in the longer run. All the above factors are important to start a successful business. Compromising any of these factors could hamper the growth. Starting a business these days is very challenging and an all round knowledge of various factors is required to run a successful one. It is important to make a Project Report on the basis of the above factors before starting a new business. Read more: http://bizcovering. com/small-business/10-important-factors-to-consider-before-starting-your-own-business/#ixzz2O2yGVG1w

Free Essays on Thomas Paine

The Writings of Thomas Paine were crucial to the execution and success of the American Revolution. In the pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas Paine defines the American Revolution. He speaks of man’s natural right to govern themselves and King George’s actions not protecting but suppressing these rights. This type of talk was controversial to Congress who at this point was trying to patch relations with England rather than start a Revolution. Congress did not believe that the colonies could assemble a sufficient army to defeat the British. These reservations did not last very long though. Widespread support among citizens made Revolution a reality (Foerster, 189). Paine contributed to the Revolution in two ways. First and foremost his pamphlet Common Sense challenged Americans to stand up and fight for independence. In this essay Paine wrote of the natural right of man to govern themselves instead of living under control of George III. Paine spoke out boldly against George III, more so than anyone before him. Paine states that not only George III was corrupt but also the entire institution of monarchy was inherently evil. He said that, â€Å"a government of our own is our natural right. O ye that love mankind, ye that dare oppose not only tyranny but the tyrant stand forth†(Garraty 118). This call to arms spread through the country like wildfire. The talk of revolution was on the tongues of almost all of the colonists. After the release of this pamphlet the mood of the great debate changed drastically. The continental Congress began to speak and act more deliberately. In the month of March, Congress turned American Privateers agai! nst the British. Two months later, Congress encouraged states to set up their own government and Constitution. All of these things were sparked by Paine’s, Common Sense. Paine’s second great contribution to the revolution was the â€Å"American Crisis.† With these letters, Paine chall... Free Essays on Thomas Paine Free Essays on Thomas Paine The Life and Writings of Thomas Paine Thomas Paine was one of the most important minds in American History. Through his pamphlet Common Sense, he revolutionized political writing, by bringing his message to the most humble of people. He did so by making a clear, concise document, which could be understood by anyone. Thomas Paine was born on January 29th 1737 in Norfolk England. His father, Joseph, was a Quaker staymaker (he made women’s corsets) and also had a small farm so he could afford to send Tom to grammar school. Tom’s mother was Francis Cooke, an Anglican, who seemed to have little or no influence on Tom’s upbringing. Tom stayed in school until he was sixteen when he left home to join the privateer ship The Terrible, commanded by a fellow named Captain Death. Needless to say, his father was very concerned about his career choice, so he tracked Tom down and convinced him to come back home and continue his staymaker apprenticeship. Tom stayed with his apprenticeship for about three years until the beginning of the Seven Years’ War, whereupon he ran away and joined the privateer The King of Prussia. This would prove to be another failed career choice seeing as that he served on the ship for a maximum of one year. After leaving The King of Prussia, he resumed his staymaking business in London. Then in 1759, at the age of twenty-two, he married a maid named Mary Lambert. He then moved with his wife to Margate, a province outside of London, whereupon she died of unknown causes. Some historians believe she died during childbirth, but there is no record of her death. After Mary’s death, Tom decided to pick up her father’s profession as a customs officer. It was a hard job and offered minimal wages, however it offered Tom a break from staymaking. He held the job for three years until he was fired for stamping some uninspected goods. Tom went back to staymaking and served as a grammar school Engl... Free Essays on Thomas Paine Thomas Paine was an Anglo-American political philosopher whose writings had great influence during two disturbances in the 18th century: the American Revolution and the French Revolution. He remained poor throughout his life. At the age of 13 he began working for his father, and at 19 he went to sea. Paine returned to England shortly thereafter and moved through various jobs, eventually becoming an excise officer. As an officer he had to collect taxes from smugglers he tracked down. He was dismissed in 1772 for publishing a document calling for an increase in wages as a means of reducing corruption in government service. His personal life did not fare much better; his first wife died and he later legally separated from his second wife. In London Paine met and befriended Benjamin Franklin, who was serving as a representative of the American colonies in Great Britain. On Franklin's advice, and equipped with letters of introduction from him, Paine immigrated to Philadelphia in 1774. He became an editor on the Pennsylvania Magazine and also anonymously published writings, including poetry. One of his publications was the article "African Slavery in Americ! a," in which he condemned the practice of slavery. Paine published his most famous work, the 50-page pamphlet, Common Sense, on January 10, 1776. In a dramatic, rhetorical style, the document asserted that the American colonies received no advantage from Great Britain, which was exploiting them, and that every consideration of common sense called for the colonies to become independent and establish a republican government of their own. The document went on to criticize the monarchy as an institution. Published anonymously, the pamphlet sold more than 500,000 copies and helped encourage, with comments such as "The birthday of a new world is at hand," the writing of the Declaration of Independence six months later. Paine wrote a series of pamphlets between 1776 and 1783 e... Free Essays on Thomas Paine Thomas Paine was born on January 29, 1737 at Thetford, Norfolk in England. After a short education, he started to work, at first for his father.. During this time Thomas Paine was an unsuccesfull man.. In 1774, he met Benjamin Franklin in London, toldhim to emigrate to America. Paine arrived in Philadelphia on November 30, 1774. He started out as a publicist, he first published his African Slavery in America, in 1775, criticizing slavery in America as being unjust and inhumaine. At this time he also had become co-editor of the Pennsylvania Magazine In Philadelphia, Paine had sensed the rise of tension, and the spirit of rebellion, that had steadily mounted in the Colonies after the Boston Tea Partyand when the fightings had started, in April 1775, with the battles of Lexington and Concord. In Paine's view the Colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them but which did not give them the right of representation in the Parliament at Westminster. But he went even further: for him there was no reason for the Colonies to stay dependent on England. On January 10, 1776 Paine formulated his ideas on american independence in his pamphlet Common Sense. In his Common Sense, Paine states that sooner or later independence from England must come, because America had lost touch with the mother country. In his words, all the arguments for separation of England are based on nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments and common sense. Government was necessary evil that could only become safe when it was representative and altered by frequent elections. The function of government in society ought to be only regulating and therefore as simple as possible. Not suprisingly, but nevertheless remarkable was his call for a declaration of independence. Due to the many copies sold (500.000) Paine's influence on the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 is eminent. Another sign of his great influen... Free Essays on Thomas Paine The Writings of Thomas Paine were crucial to the execution and success of the American Revolution. In the pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas Paine defines the American Revolution. He speaks of man’s natural right to govern themselves and King George’s actions not protecting but suppressing these rights. This type of talk was controversial to Congress who at this point was trying to patch relations with England rather than start a Revolution. Congress did not believe that the colonies could assemble a sufficient army to defeat the British. These reservations did not last very long though. Widespread support among citizens made Revolution a reality (Foerster, 189). Paine contributed to the Revolution in two ways. First and foremost his pamphlet Common Sense challenged Americans to stand up and fight for independence. In this essay Paine wrote of the natural right of man to govern themselves instead of living under control of George III. Paine spoke out boldly against George III, more so than anyone before him. Paine states that not only George III was corrupt but also the entire institution of monarchy was inherently evil. He said that, â€Å"a government of our own is our natural right. O ye that love mankind, ye that dare oppose not only tyranny but the tyrant stand forth†(Garraty 118). This call to arms spread through the country like wildfire. The talk of revolution was on the tongues of almost all of the colonists. After the release of this pamphlet the mood of the great debate changed drastically. The continental Congress began to speak and act more deliberately. In the month of March, Congress turned American Privateers agai! nst the British. Two months later, Congress encouraged states to set up their own government and Constitution. All of these things were sparked by Paine’s, Common Sense. Paine’s second great contribution to the revolution was the â€Å"American Crisis.† With these letters, Paine chall...